At Ferny Grove in summer overnight and daytime temperatures were close to average. Daytime temperatures were the lowest in 9 years. Rainfall was close to average at Ferny Grove (99.2 % of the long-term median) and December rainfall was the highest in 10 years. Mean relative humidity and mean dew point was close to average, mean air pressure was below average and wind speed was above average. There were 10 thunderstorms, with 14 thunder days.
Seasonal mean minimum temperature: 20.3 ºC, 0.3 ºC above average and 0.6 ºC lower than the same season in 2019-20.
Seasonal mean maximum temperature: 30.2 ºC, equal to the long term average and 1.7 ºC lower than the same season in 2019-20. This is the lowest on record for summer since the current record low of 28.6 ºC in 2011-12.
Seasonal mean temperature: 25.3 ºC, 0.2 ºC above average and 1.1 ºC lower than same season in 2019-20.
Lowest temperature: 16.6 ºC on 12 January 2021 at 4:49 AM. Same month in 2020 was 18.6 ºC and same season in 2019-20 was 14.4 ºC. For summer this is the highest since the current record high of 16.6 ºC in 2009-2010 on 3 December.
Highest temperature: 36.6 ºC on 16 January 2021 at 12:57 PM. The same month in 2020 was 35.4 and the same season in 2019-20 was 42.8 ºC. For summer this is the second lowest seasonal maximum temperature on record, the lowest since the current record low of 35.2 ºC in 2011 on 21 February at 1:04 PM.
Lowest maximum temperature: 20.9 ºC on 12 December 2020 at 9:31 AM. Same month in 2019 was 26.6 ºC and this season in 2019-20 was 23.8 ºC. For summer this is the second lowest daily maximum temperature and the lowest since 18.9 ºC on 7 December 2011 at 4:36 PM.
Highest minimum temperature: 26.2 ºC on 7 December 2020 at 4:28 AM. Same month in 2019 was 26.2 ºC and this season in 2019-20 was 25.4 ºC. For summer this is the second highest daily minimum temperature on seasonal and daily basis and the equal highest since 26.2 ºC on 28 November 2019 at 7:50 AM.
Minimum temperatures in December were predominately above average during the month and were near or below average in the middle of the month and at the end of the month. The first 8 days of the month saw warm nights that peaked at 7 ºC above average on the 7th before temperatures between the 9th and 14th. Another period of warm nights followed on the 15th to 23rd of between 2 ºC to 4 ºC above average on the 18th to 20th. The remainder of the month was within 1 ºC of the average except for the 30th which was 5 ºC above average.
In January minimum temperatures saw a number of slightly warm nights throughout the month accompanied with some below average temperature throughout much of the month. Minimum temperatures were within 1 ºC of the long term average in the first 8 days of the months before cooling to 2 ºC to 3 ºC below average between the 9th and 13th, peaking at 4 ºC below average on the 12th. The 15th, 16th and 19th were 2 ºC below average and 2 ºC above average on the 18th. Temperature fell again to 2 ºC to 4 ºC below average on the 24th to 26th and was within 1 ºC of the long term average during the rest of the month, except for 2 ºC above average on the 28th.
February minimum temperatures were close to or below average during the month with some warm nights in the middle of the month and in the last week of the month. Minimum temperatures were 2 ºC to 3 ºC below average on the 4th and 5th and warmed to 3 ºC above average on the 8th. Cooler night followed on the 10th, 11th, 13th, 15th, 17th, and 18th at 2 ºC to 3 ºC below average and was otherwise near average. Warmer nights of 2 ºC above average on the 23rd to 25th and 3 ºC above average on the 28th but was close to average on the other days.
Maximum temperatures in December saw two periods of warm days at the start of the month and between the 18th and 23rd, as well as near average or below average temperatures. The 1st to 8th saw days that were peaked at 6 ºC above average on the 6th and was between 4 ºC and 6 ºC above average on the 4th to 7th. After near average temperatures, there were several cool to cold days on the 11th to 14th of between 4 ºC below average on the 14th and 9 ºC below average on the 12th. Further near average temperature followed before temperatures that were between 2 ºC and 4 ºC above average on the 20th to 23rd. During the remainder of the month temperatures were mostly 1 ºC to 4 ºC below average.
Maximum temperatures in January were predominately below average that saw very few warm days during the month. The 1st to 4th was 1 ºC to 2 ºC below average, warmed temporarily to 3 ºC to 4 ºC above average on the 5th and 6th and then below average until the 12th and as much as 8 ºC below average on the 8th. A warm period on the 15th and 16th that rose to 6 ºC above average before cooling back during most of the following days. The 20th to 23rd was 1 ºC to 4 ºC below average and eased to within 1 ºC of the long term average during the rest of the month, though was 2 ºC below average on the 31st.
Maximum temperatures in February were below average during many days of the month and were above average during some days mostly occurring late in the month. The 2nd was 5 ºC below average and 2 ºC below average on the 3rd, warming to 2 ºC above average on the 6th and 5 ºC above average on the 7th. Below average temperatures of 1 ºC to 3 ºC below average then followed on the 8th to 12th. The 13th was 3 ºC above average, before cooler days between the 14th and 20th that peaked at 5 ºC below average on the 18th. The 21st to 23rd was warmer that reached 2 ºC above average on the 23rd. During the rest of the month were a mixture of near average, slightly warm and slightly cool days.
Seasonal Average Minimum Grass Temperature: 18.5 ºC (1.2 ºC lower than same season in 2019).
Lowest Seasonal Minimum Grass Temperature: 13.2 ºC on 12 January 2021 (3.7 ºC lower than same month in 2020). This coincided with the lowest minimum air temperature of 16.6 ºC for the month.
Highest Seasonal Minimum Grass Temperature: 21.9 ºC on 7 December 2020 (1.1 ºC lower than same month in 2019). This coincided with the highest minimum air temperature of 26.2 ºC for the month.
Highest Minimum Grass Temperature Depression: 4.3 ºC on 7 December 2020 with a minimum grass temperature of 21.9 ºC and an air temperature of 26.2 ºC.
Lowest Minimum Grass Temperature Depression: -2.4 ºC on 13 December 2020 with a minimum grass temperature of 20.5 ºC and an air temperature of 18.1 ºC.
Seasonal Mean Minimum Pressure: 1009.7 hPa (0.1 hPa lower than same season in 2019-20).
Seasonal Mean Maximum Pressure: 1011.9 hPa (1 hPa below average) and 0.2 hPa lower than same season in 2019-20. This is the lowest on record for summer since 1011.7 hPa in 2012.
Seasonal Mean Pressure: 1011.9 hPa (1 hPa below average) and 0.2 hPa lower than same season in 2019-20. This is the lowest on record for summer since 1011.7 hPa in 2012.
Lowest Seasonal MSL Pressure: 1000.8 hPa on 21 February 2021 at 3:27 PM. The same month in 2020 saw 1002.9 hPa and the same season in 2019-20 saw 998.2 hPa.
Seasonal Highest MSL Pressure: 1020.9 hPa on 12 December 2020 at 10:26 AM. The same month in 2019 saw 1030 hPa and the same season in 2019-20 was 1020.2 hPa.
Seasonal Mean Minimum Relative Humidity: 54.6 % (10.3 % higher than same season in 2019-20 and 1.7 % above average). This is the highest on record for summer since 56.5 % in 2014-15.
Seasonal Mean Maximum Relative Humidity: 93.3% (10.2% higher than same season in 2019-20 and 2% above average). This is the highest on record for summer since 93.9 % in 2015.
Seasonal Mean Relative Humidity: 73.9 % (10.2 % higher than same season in 2019-20 and 1.8 % above average). This is the highest on record for summer since 75.2 % in 2015.
Lowest Seasonal Humidity: 19 % on 8 December 2020 at 3:49 PM (12% higher than this month in 2019 and the same season in 2019-20).
Seasonal Highest Humidity: 99 % on 15 December 2020 at 5:28 AM (2% higher than month in 2019 and equal to same season in 2019-20).
Seasonal mean minimum dew point: 17.8 ºC (0.2 ºC above average).
Seasonal mean maximum dew point: 22.2 ºC (0.7 ºC above average). This is the second highest seasonal mean maximum dew point on record for summer and the highest since the current record high of 22.3 ºC in 2016-17.
Seasonal mean dew point: 20 ºC (0.5 ºC above average).
Lowest dew point: 4.9 ºC on 8 December 2020 at 3:51 PM.
Highest dew point: 25.5 ºC on 17 January 2020 at 12:12 PM.
Maximum Wind Gust: 50 km/hr on 14 December 2020 at 5:16 AM. The maximum wind gust this month in 2019 and this season in 2019-20 was 54 km/hr.
Maximum Wind Speed: 21 km/hr on 7 December 2020 at 2:27 PM (Moderate Force Wind). This month in 2019 and this season in 2019-20 was 27 km/hr. For summer this is the lowest seasonal maximum wind speed on record, exceeding the previous record low of 25 km/hr in 2018-19 on 21 December at 5:45 PM.
Seasonal Wind Run: 9275.7 km (2142.7 km less than same season in 2019-20). This is 1706.1 km above average and 22.5 % above average.
Seasonal Mean Wind Speed: 4.3 km/hr (0.9 km/hr lower than this season in 2019-20, 0.2 km/hr below average and 4.6 % below average) and the highest on record for summer since 2.7 km/hr in 2015-2016.
Seasonal Mean Daily Wind Gust: 25.8 km/hr (2.3 km lower than this season in 2019-20), 1.7 km/hr above average and 6.6 % above average. This is the second lowest daily mean maximum wind gust for summer on record and the lowest since the current record low of 23.7 km/hr in 2011-12.
Seasonal Mean Daily Maximum Wind Speed: 13.3 km/hr, 1.7 km/hr less than same season in 2019-20, 3.4 km/hr above average and 25.6 % above average. This is the second lowest daily mean maximum wind speed on record for summer and the lowest since the current record low of 13.2 km/hr in 2011-12.
Dominant Direction: SE (E this season in 2019-20).
Rainfall total: 367.9 mm, 68.1 mm below average (84.4 % of long term average), 3.1 mm below the long term median and 99.2 % of the site median. This ranks as decile 5/ 42nd percentile and as average. This is higher than this season in 2019 which was 628.5 mm. Automatic rain gauge was 307.8 mm (-16.3 % of manual gauge).
Highest daily rainfall total: 70.1 mm on 14 December 2020.
Number of rain days (0.1 mm or greater): 19 days, 4 greater than same month in 2020 and 1.9 days below average. This is second highest on record for January and is the highest since 22 days in 2015.
Highest rainfall rate: 145.8 mm/hr on the 16 January 2021 at 7:20 PM.
Highest hourly rainfall: 27.6 mm on the 16 January 2021 at 7:49 PM.
There was 10 thunderstorms, with 14 days with thunder, with 7 nearby thunderstorms.
During December most rainfall occurred between the 7th and 18th during an active period of drizzle, showers, rain, and mild thunderstorms. The first 8 days of the month was dry and later in the month there were some drizzle and light showers on some days. The highest daily total rainfall on the 14th (70.1 mm – highest in 21 years) was a result of light to moderate rain from the evening of the 13th to early on the 14th.
In January were showers, thunderstorms, and light rain in the first 10 days of the month. During the middle of the month were some thunderstorms with some moderate falls. A moderate to heavy shower in the evening of the 16th produced 8 mm in 6 minutes. During the rest of the month were light showers on many of these days.
The first few days of the February saw showers with moderate to heavy falls before mostly light showers and rain until the middle of the month on some days. Further moderate to heavy falls from showers in the middle and later in the month along with some thunderstorm activity on the 19th, 22nd and 23rd.
There were 0 days of morning dew.
Smoke haze on 1st to 4th, 6th, 7th and 9th.
An SSE to EESE wind change in the late afternoon of the 8th that brought cooler temperatures after a low intensity to severe intensity heatwave on the 1st to 7th.
In the early afternoon of the 23rd was an ESE to ENE wind change.
The minimum temperature was reached very early in the day on the 10th and 16th. The minimum temperature on the 14th was reached in the previous evening, whilst the recorded maximum temperature on the 14th occurred in the mid-morning after a cloudy and cold day on the 13th.
The heatwave at the start of the month and cloud cover during the middle of the day associated with the rainfall brought a significant number of warm nights during the month.
In the afternoon of the 7th the temperature dropped 7 ºC in just over an hour.
Light but gusty SSW to SW winds in the morning tended S to SE before dying down at midday. This was associated with the passage of a coastal low pressure system that brought severe weather over coastal areas that included heavy rainfall, though severe weather didn’t occur at this location.
Fog early in the day on the 15th with relative humidity near saturation.
In contrast to the previous month, high pressure systems extended ridges along the coastline that were not overly strong and allowed low pressure systems to bring more moisture into the region during the middle of the month. In the middle of the month a upper low pressure system moved northwards and a upper level trough induced a coastal trough to develop that brought an active period of instability and rainfall.
Most long period rainfall totals continue to remain below or well below average, that improved for many of these periods. 6 monthly rainfall improved a little to 18.3 mm below average, while 9 monthly rainfall deteriorated from 171.9 mm above average to 52.7 mm below average. 12 month rainfall improved by 91 mm to 94.2 mm above average and 18 month rainfall improved by 100 mm at 38 mm below average. 24 month to 48 month rainfall was between 156.7 mm below average for 48 month rainfall and 366.1 mm below average for 24 month rainfall. Compared with the same period in the previous year these periods improved, and the greatest improvement was 12 monthly rainfall that improved by 564 mm.
For December there were 3 existing records exceeded or equalled, along with 12 records that was highest/lowest in at least 5 years.
There was 1 day of morning dew.
Cloudy on the 1st, and 4th to 9th.
A S to SE wind change in the evening of the 6th.
A very cold day on the 8th as the temperature rose slowly in the morning before the maximum temperature was reached in the late morning and fell during the rest of the day.
A cold day on the 9th.
The maximum temperature was reached in the late morning of the 11th with the temperature fell a little in the afternoon.
Mostly sunny or sunny on 14th to 16th.
A hot day on the 16th became cloudy in the afternoon and cooled quickly with thunderstorm activity.
Cloud in the afternoon of the 18th with rainfall.
Haze in the morning of the 19th.
Cloudy at times on the 20th and 21st, cloudy periods on 24th, 25th and 31st.
A high pressure ridge and onshore winds combined with surface troughs in the region to bring unstable conditions in the first 10 days of the month and between the 16th and 19th which brought rainfall including thunderstorms. Firm ridges of high pressure were present throughout the month which did not overly limit the instability brought by the passage of the troughs.
Most of the long period rainfall totals continue to remain below or well below average that reduced in January. As compared with the previous month the 6 monthly rainfall worsened a little to 74.7 mm below average, 9 monthly rainfall dropped from 52.7 mm below average to 153.5 mm below average and 12 month rainfall slipped by 86 mm to 8.2 mm above average. 18-month rainfall dropped significantly from 529.5 mm above average to 150.4 mm below average. 24- and 48-month rainfall improved while remaining below average a 163.9 mm below average and 68.8 mm below average respectively, while 36-month rainfall fell by 806 mm to 442.6 mm below average. Compared with the same period in the previous year these totals have generally improved except for 36-month rainfall falling from 124.6 mm above average to 442.6 mm below average.
For January there were 2 existing records exceeded or equalled, along with 10 records that was highest/lowest in at least 5 years.
There was 0 days of morning dew.
Cloudy and became cold during the 2nd as the temperature rose slowly.
The maximum temperature was reached in the late morning before falling in the afternoon on the 8th.
Cloudy at times on the 10th with the temperature falling from the mid-morning.
Cloudy or mostly cloudy on the 13th, 14th and 16th to 20th and was cold on the 17th and 19th.
The minimum temperature was reached very early on the 16th, before rising during the remainder of the early hours.
Sunny and hot on the 22nd.
Mostly sunny until cloud increased before an evening thunderstorm on the 23rd.
Cloudy or cloudy at times on the 25th and 27th.
The first half of the month saw moist onshore flow that was accompanied by inland troughs extending into the region with instability before a trough moved through the region on the 13th and 14th and weakened the ridge. High pressure ridging with moist and unstable onshore flow combined with a trough that developed off the northern New South Wales coast that extended dry south-westerly flow on the 21st and 23rd. High pressure riding returned late in the month and with some instability from an inland trough.
Long period rainfall totals compared with January 2021 reduced further for most periods and were below average or well below average. 6 monthly rainfall reduced slightly by 20 mm below average to 94.7 mm below average and 9 monthly rainfall slipped by 45 mm to 108.6 mm below average. 12 monthly rainfall was slightly above average in January but fell to 256.4 mm below average in February. 18 month rainfall fell slightly to 167.8 mm below average while the 24 month, 36 month and 48 month rainfall totals fell by a large amount. The deficiencies compared to the long term average for 24 month rainfall fell from -163.9 mm to -312 mm, 36 month rainfall fell from -442.6 mm to -344.6 mm and 48 month rainfall fell from -68.8 mm to -360.3 mm. Compared with the same period in 2020 rainfall deficiencies have deteriorated, in contrast to January where the rainfall totals were less deficient than in January 2020. When compared with the start of summer rainfall totals worsened for all periods except for 24 month rainfall that improved by 54 mm but was still well below average.
For February there were 5 existing records exceeded or equalled, along with 7 records that was highest/lowest in at least 5 years.
For more detailed analysis refer to the “Seasonal Meteorological Report for summer 2020-21”
Summary of Averages and Extremes for summer 2020-21 for Ferny Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Min Temp |
Max Temp |
Mean Temp |
Temp Range |
Min Grass Temp |
Min Grass Temp Depression |
Min Relative Humidity |
Max Relative Humidity |
Mean Relative Humidity |
Min MSL pressure |
Max MSL Pressure |
Mean MSL Pressure |
Dew Point |
Max Wind Gust |
Max Wind Speed |
Daily rain |
December |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
20.8 |
30.3 |
25.6 |
9.6 |
19.1 |
1.7 |
54.4 |
92.5 |
73.4 |
1010.2 |
1015.0 |
1012.6 |
20.1 |
28.1 |
14.9 |
4.7 |
Min |
16.6 |
20.9 |
18.8 |
2.6 |
13.8 |
-2.4 |
19 |
81 |
54.5 |
1004.1 |
1009.3 |
1006.8 |
4.9 |
19.0 |
9.0 |
|
Max |
26.2 |
35.9 |
30.7 |
14.9 |
21.9 |
4.3 |
88 |
99 |
93.5 |
1016.6 |
1020.9 |
1018.7 |
25.5 |
50.0 |
21.0 |
70.1 |
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
145.9 |
January |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
20.0 |
29.9 |
24.9 |
9.9 |
18.2 |
1.7 |
54.1 |
93.9 |
74.0 |
1010.3 |
1014.3 |
1012.3 |
19.7 |
25.2 |
12.5 |
3.1 |
Min |
16.6 |
22.7 |
21.3 |
2.5 |
13.2 |
0.3 |
39 |
86 |
66.0 |
1005.1 |
1009.9 |
1007.8 |
14.4 |
17.0 |
9.0 |
|
Max |
22.3 |
36.6 |
29.4 |
14.4 |
21.0 |
3.4 |
72 |
98 |
83.5 |
1015.1 |
1019.2 |
1017.2 |
24.9 |
35.0 |
18.0 |
30.1 |
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
95.8 |
February |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
20.3 |
30.4 |
25.3 |
10.1 |
18.1 |
2.1 |
55.2 |
93.5 |
74.3 |
1008.5 |
1012.8 |
1010.7 |
20.2 |
24.1 |
12.5 |
4.5 |
Min |
17.3 |
26.0 |
22.8 |
5.5 |
14.0 |
0.6 |
37 |
82 |
64.5 |
1000.8 |
1007.0 |
1004.4 |
14.1 |
12.0 |
7.0 |
|
Max |
23.1 |
36.1 |
28.6 |
15.3 |
21.0 |
4.1 |
83 |
98 |
90.5 |
1014.1 |
1017.1 |
1015.6 |
24.9 |
39.0 |
18.0 |
33.5 |
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
126.2 |
Season |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
20.3 |
30.2 |
25.3 |
9.9 |
18.5 |
1.9 |
54.6 |
93.3 |
73.9 |
1009.7 |
1014.1 |
1011.9 |
20.0 |
25.8 |
13.3 |
4.1 |
Min |
16.6 |
20.9 |
18.8 |
2.5 |
13.2 |
-2.4 |
19 |
81 |
54.5 |
1000.8 |
1007.0 |
1004.4 |
4.9 |
12.0 |
7.0 |
|
Max |
26.2 |
36.6 |
30.7 |
15.3 |
21.9 |
4.3 |
88 |
99 |
93.5 |
1016.6 |
1020.9 |
1018.7 |
25.5 |
50.0 |
21.0 |
70.1 |
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
367.9 |
Summary for summer 2020-21 from long term average for Ferny Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
||||||||
|
Temperature |
Relative Humidity |
MSL Pressure |
Dew Point |
Wind Gust |
Wind Speed |
Rainfall |
Rainfall as Fraction of monthly average (%) |
December |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
+1.0 |
+2.6 |
-0.8 |
1.5 |
+3.9 |
+4.4 |
+16.7 |
112.9 |
Min |
+1.6 |
+3.5 |
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
|
Max |
+0.3 |
+1.6 |
|
1.6 |
|
|
+104.1 |
|
January |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
-0.7 |
+2.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
+1.2 |
+3.0 |
-49.2 |
66.1 |
Min |
-0.6 |
+1.2 |
|
-0.5 |
|
|
|
|
Max |
-0.8 |
+2.8 |
|
-0.0 |
|
|
+40.7 |
|
February |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
+0.2 |
+1.0 |
-2.2 |
+0.2 |
+0.1 |
+2.7 |
-35.6 |
78.0 |
Min |
-0.0 |
+0.4 |
|
-0.2 |
|
|
|
|
Max |
+0.4 |
+1.5 |
|
+0.5 |
|
|
61.0 |
|
Season |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
+0.2 |
+1.8 |
-1.0 |
+0.5 |
+1.7 |
+3.4 |
-68.1 |
84.4 |
Min |
+0.3 |
+1.7 |
- |
+0.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Max |
-0.0 |
+2.0 |
- |
+0.7 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Monthly averages and extremes for summer 2020-21 to Date for Ferny Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
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|
Temperature |
Temperature from Long Term Avg. |
Rain total |
Rain Anomaly |
Rain days |
||||||
|
Avg Min |
Avg Max |
Low Min |
High Max |
Average |
Min |
Max |
Average |
|
|
|
Dec-20 |
20.8 |
30.3 |
16.6 |
35.9 |
25.6 |
+1.6 |
+0.3 |
+1.0 |
145.9 |
16.7 |
12 |
Jan-21 |
20.0 |
29.9 |
16.6 |
36.6 |
24.9 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
95.8 |
-49.2 |
15 |
Feb-21 |
20.3 |
30.4 |
17.3 |
36.1 |
25.3 |
-0.0 |
+0.4 |
+0.2 |
126.2 |
-35.6 |
14 |
Season |
20.3 |
30.2 |
16.6 |
35.9 |
25.3 |
+0.3 |
-0.0 |
+0.2 |
367.9 |
-68.1 |
41 |
Data copyright Ferny Grove Weather 2020, Produced 7/9/2021. Data checking has been carried out but errors may still be present and therefore there is no assurance of correctness. Corrections may be made at a later data if errors or deficiencies are found and/or improvements in data handling techniques are made, though data with major improvements may not be updated. Data measured with low accuracy equipment, mostly replaced with professional moderate accuracy equipment from October 5 except for daily rainfall which is measured using non-professional equipment with moderate accuracy.
Site commencement data is April 15 2009 except for daily rainfall which commenced on January 1 1987. Not all variables have been measured over the entire station record. Most variables are measured over a 24 hour period ending in the evening and effective October 5 2019 this is the 24 hours from midnight. Maximum temperatures are measured over the 24 hours from 9 am on the day of measurement. Minimum temperatures are measured over the 24 hours to 9 am of the day of measurement. This is same to the official time standards and measured in degrees C. Rainfall is measured over 24 hours to 9am and recorded on that day. This is the same as the official time standard and measured in millimetres. Some rainfall measurements are not made at 9am and is adjusted based on the automatic record. Minimum Grass Temperature is measured over an approx. 12 hour period ending in the early morning. MSL refers to Mean Sea Level, which is the standard meteorological method of measuring air pressure reduced to sea level based on both elevation and temperature. Grass Minimum Depression is the difference of the grass minimum temperature from the air temperatures and is a positive value when the grass temperature is below the air temperature.
Dew Point, Average Wind Speed, Dominant Wind Direction, Wind Run, Rain Rate and Hourly Rain are measured automatically over a 24 hour period starting at midnight and recorded for that day. This started on the 6 October 2011. Until replaced from 5 October temperature and humidity sensor is under exposed so minimum temperature and maximum humidity are incorrect and low accuracy rain gauge is used which are not used as the site’s official record. This data limitation does not apply to other measurements of temperatures, air pressure and humidity, wind gust, daily and monthly rainfall and rain days elsewhere in this summary which are recorded separately and form the official record for this site. The replacement equipment is sited in more exposed locations and therefore the limitations don’t apply, though the automatic daily rainfall doesn’t form the official data for the site. However the automatic record for some data may be used if data is not available/ not suitable.
Long term averages are based on all available long period past measurements. Long term average for Temperature, Relative Humidity and Air pressure is based on 2009 to 2015 average from the station record and wind speed is based on the 2010 to 2018 average from station record. Long term average for rainfall is based on 1987 to 2017 average from the station record. The Fraction of monthly average expresses how much has fallen in respect to the long term average listed as a percentage.